More questions

More questions Today is Registration Day at MIT, and tomorrow (Tuesday) is the first day of Spring Term! Im a little behind on the questions, so here goes though, due to my time restrictions during application season and the number of questions, my answers must be brief (sorry for the brevity). Will asks, Does anyone know if CPW is restricted to students who are accepted, or is it open to anyone who wants to go? Also, midwest mom asks, Can you please comment about the Campus Preview Weekend? My son is planning to attend, and I wonder if parents are welcome as well? Will there be any programs for parents, or is this weekend geared to convincing prospective students of the obvious merits of MIT? Campus Preview Weekend (CPW) is a four day event which is only for admitted students and their parents each April. Currently, admitted students have information about the weekend on their MIT portal; in fewer than two weeks, we will send out a brochure of information about CPW to families. There will definitely be programs for parents as well as students; parents are more than welcome at CPW! If we can help you plan for CPW in any way, please call the CPW hotline at (617) 258-6085. Nbot1 asked, Since you like Hindi music, I was wondering if you like bhangra? I love bhangra! :) Yes! Bhangra is awesome. Bhangra (energetic Punjabi/Indian folk dance) is pretty big at MIT; for more info, check out the MIT Bhangra Club and Bhangra Blast. A.M.C. asks, In that case, may I submit a few pieces of artwork (they are in .BMP format) as part of my supplemental material package? We are happy to take submissions of art, music, etc, but it is starting to get a little late in the process to have these things evaluated by our faculty before we go to committee. We will continue to accept any important update to your file until we mail decision letters. And, applicants in US school systems, be sure to get us your Mid-Year Grade Report as soon as possible! parent asked four questions. Question 1: How do you look deeper? To what depth? As it is entirely subjective, does each reader defines their own understanding of depth? Or is there a standardized procedure that all readers/admission officers at MIT follow to uncover depth? If so what is that procedure? Before each reading season, the reading staff goes through training. We read actual files, talk about what would be the elements of a good read for each file, what insights we should have seen from each file. Newer readers are overseen by my seasoned readers, who not only double check files, but also continually offer mentoring and guidance. Experience, reading lots and lots of applications, is the best way to gain insight. Question 2: Is there a standardized definition for best match to MIT? What is it? Or does each reader/admission officer at MIT have their own understanding of it? This is also part of the training. There is no one best match to MIT, but rather many flavors of best match, many of which Ive discussed in my previous post. Question 3: Does the assessment during committee process automatically lead to the magic number of students best matched with MIT to equal the available spaces? Question 4: And if there is indeed some comparison because the number of students best matched with MIT than number of available spaces, then how is such comparison done? Is there a standardized procedure to make such comparisons, what are the metrics if any for such comparisons? The committee process has many stages. We evaluate each student individually, and if we admit them if they are part of the class we want to build and a good match. Inevitably, after evaluating all of the files, we have admitted more than our target number of admitted students. So, we repeat the process, with more rigor and vigilance. Jordan asked, I know a lot of teachers include a comment somewhere in their rec letter(s) regarding contact information if there are any questions. Do you know if the AdComm has ever actually contacted a teacher or other faculty member to ask something before? I certainly have. Usually, an application file gives me the information I need, but when it doesnt, I dont hesitate to call a teacher or guidance counselor. Shahab asked, We all know that you and Ben are two of the people who are doing the application reading. What about the rest? Who else is in your team? How many people are there? Are they professors or students at MIT? The bulk of the reading is done by the professional full-time admissions staff, but students and professors do help read applications and select the class. In a future post, Ill tell you more about my colleagues, the MIT admissions officers. Jeremie L. asked, Im curious as to how you became an Ass. Director of Admissions. Well, Jeremie, if you have to abbreviate it I prefer Asst. Director of Admissions but anyway, Ill talk a little more about this in the future, and in the meantime you can read my introductory post. Recruited Athlete asked, I have a question, how much does getting recruited help you in the admissions process, if at all? Athletic talent, like music, art, theater, etc. talent, is a talent that you bring to the admissions process. For music, we have our music faculty evaluate applicants talents; for athletes, we have our varsity coaches help us with evaluation. We are proud of having one of the largest athletics programs in the nation (I believe that only Harvard, a Division I school, has a larger number of varsity sports teams). MIT is a Division III athletics school, though, so athletics arent something that will get you in the backdoor. As Marilee says, theres only one way to get into MIT, and its the hard way. expatmom asked, Im curious about the process used to evaluate international/non-U.S. school system applicants. Do you use the same numerical index for ranking the applicants academic preparation? Are international/non-U.S. school system applications read geographically? Yes, the numerical index is one guide for our process for both domestic and international applicants. We do not read domestic (US citizens and permanent residents) applicants by region. I assure you, though, that we are very familiar with international schools, and evaluate applicants from international schools in the proper context. Like Ive written, school and geography are important parts of context, and context is very important in our process. expatmom also asks, Will the status of the Mid-Year Grade Report on the application tracking site eventually indicate that this report is waived for non-U.S. school system applicants, or will it continue to indicate that the report has not been processed? I dont know the answer to this question, but watch the comments thread for this post, where hopefully Ben and/or Quinton will answer the question. Thanks for all your questions and comments! Keep commenting =)

Social Media Communication - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 533 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? Marketing is a difficult job to accomplish for most companies as they are looking to increase sales and build up goods customer relationships. Therefore, companies have come up with many innovative solutions to gain the attention of its customers. Traditional approaches to marketing are not as practical as they were in the past and hence, demand newer methods to be applied, one such way is social media marketing. With the rise of the internet, social media has become a part of the daily life for many individuals. These individuals are often the ones making sales often influencing sales decisions. Hence, it is crucial to appeal to these customers in the media of their choice. Moreover, nowadays customers are a lot more knowledgeable than they were before which makes it harder to come up with a marketing campaign that is both attention-grabbing and morally and factually correct. Social medias such as Facebook and Twitter provide advertisements based on the preferences of the user which narrows down the target audience for the brand automatically. Therefore, social media can be exceptionally helpful in promoting a brand. In my interview with the regional manager of Pepsi Co., I asked various questions related to their social media marketing strategy. Pepsi Co. was a little late in joining the social media marketing bandwagon, but ever since its entry, it has invested a lot into the company online presence. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Media Communication" essay for you Create order Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co. have always been the two most prominent competitors in the beverage industry. While Coca-Cola was early in capitalizing social media potential, Pepsi Co. has tried its best to come in front with Coca-Cola. However, Coca-Cola currently has over 55 million followers on Facebook while Pepsi Co. has 9 million. This is still a considerable achievement considering that in 2010, this following was only 4 million. Pepsi Co. has gained all those followers by investing in their Refresh Project. This project primarily risked a large sum of money, budgeted for the super bowl which had proven returns, on a social campaign costing $20 million in the year of 2010. Pepsi Co. was successful in combining social responsibility with social media marketing and their following on Facebook went from 25,000 to about 9 million as of today. Also, this was a massive success for them as it also increased the traffic on their website by a whopping 800%. Even when Pepsi has been known to make innovative TVCs and marketing campaign, their marketing strategies were insufficient without proper social media marketing. Their company has a large customer base which requires them to infuse more loyalty into their customers. For this, they must relate to their customers on a more personal level. Pepsi uses personalized questions and asks their followers to share their pictures with the brand to win giveaways and prizes to gain even more followers. They frequently affiliate themselves with social causes and help raise awareness to establish its image as not just a company driven by profits but also by caring and responsible individuals of the society. At Pepsi Co., the management believes that marketing is based on social relationships and with the help of social media customer can express what they like about the brand, and this word-of-mouth marketing drives their profits and revenues (Silverstein, 2010).

The Hall Of Fame For College Basketball - 1500 Words

The Hall of Fame for college basketball players was on the wall. It had just recently been updated after the Hall of Fame presentation of Saturday. I had just woken up feeling cold. I looked out the window of my dorm to see the dark, cloudy day outside with the rain pelting down on the window pane. I was still really tired after the late night of getting praised on my amazing basketball skills, finally I had been recognized and everyone was telling me that I needed to declare that I’m joining the NBA as soon as possible! I then declared for the NBA draft halfway through my season. The election for the new president was going on at that moment, but he wasn’t really interested in the elections, he heard on the radio what the soon to be president didn’t like and what he did. The main thing he heard though was that he didn’t like basketball, how could anyone not like basketball? How could I get rid of this new president to be? I looked up on the black market on the deep dark web for an assassin. There were a few ads in there for Hit man’s pest control and Hit man agent. I rang the Hit man agent and there was a muffled voice coming over the phone, I could barely understand him. I told him that I wanted the election to be stopped and the person who was winning the election to be killed, and cover up your tracks well! There was one thing I didn’t want to happen. I didn’t want to be arrested just as I was about to get into the NBA. No one would want me on their team when theyShow MoreRelatedDean Smith Essay1163 Words   |   5 Pagesmens college basketball. He is originally from Emporia, Kansas, Smith as been called a coaching legend by the Basketball Hall of Fame. Smith is best known for his successful 36-year coaching career at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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With the exception of European soccer, professional basketball generates more money per season than any other sport in the world. NBA superstars carry as much authority in the entertainment business as the most popular actors, comedians, and musicians. Even the guys who are last off the benchRead MoreThe Evolution of Basketball779 Words   |  4 Pages The Evolution of Basketball Basketball has been played over 100 years and it is one of the most widely played sports in the world. James A. Naismith started basketball in December 1891. He tried to make a sport that would be played between football and baseball seasons. It should be indoors, due to the weather. He made the rules on December 21, 1891. Naismith declined the name Naismith ball. A player suggested the name of basketball. Naismith wanted two square crates but

Tom Ang Free Essays

Tom Ang grew up playing the clarinet. His dream was to become the first clarinet for the London schools symphony orchestra. he never made his dream in the musical world so he turned to the world of Medicine. We will write a custom essay sample on Tom Ang or any similar topic only for you Order Now he stayed in the Nottingham medical school for 3 years before he decided that this wasn’t his passion either. he traveled to Hong Kong many years later and saw the beauty that he has never seen before. he then decided that this was his passion. to photograph the things people pass by everyday and to have a new world seen from right under our noses. He traveled to mexico to see not the poverty that is riddled throughout the land but to see the happiness that the families share even in the dark times. to show that it doesn’t matter how much money you have to care for your family but how much heart. In his trip to mexico he realized that people don’t want to always see the darker things in life that may seem interesting. he saw past the mirror that makes other people resilient and chooses to take pictures of the obvious things that others won’t see. Tom decided that these pictures are the ones that show true heart and are willing to break the boundaries of normal lifestyle and show the cultures of many other races and nations. he also visits New York in that same year and tries to show New York from the outside worlds perspective. this meaning the poverty that surrounds New York so that it seems similar to mexico and the other countries. he soon realizes that these people are not like the ones in his other photographs that these people are dangerous and are not fueled by heart and love but they are fueled by hate and greed. He tries to capture these pictures as best as he can but did not post many because he believed that they didn’t show the true feeling he felt when taking the photos and it doesn’t have the same effect if it doesn’t feel the same. At this point in time Tom started working with Fay Godwin as his assistant. he was asked if he knew how to print because that would be his basic job, and of course he responded yes. He claims that he was a total amateur and did not want to admit it because he needed the job. Yet for some reason she kept him on the team and trained him to become a better printer so he can print for her book and galleries. Tom traveled back to Hong Kong and took many more homescape photos while on his vacation there. Tom had upset a large nest of bees when photographing there. they attacked him very vigorously and sent him to the operating table. he says that his life could have ended right there. after his battle with the bees he traveled to japan in search of a dream boat that kept appearing every time that he would dream. he searched through all of japan taking pictures of boats so he could find it. but sadly this boat was never found. How to cite Tom Ang, Papers

Social influence in psychology free essay sample

Therefore, upon examination of the entities of an individuals social status can lead to the study of behavioral occurrences, like aggression and violence among children. Social influence can change an individual over time. Psychology is the cience of human and animal behavior; behavior is sometimes advert, or public (Kowalski Westen, 2009). There are many types of behavior; some patterns in lower forms described as instincts, such as a child playing with a toy. Behavior can range from simple, involuntary reflexes, and too complicated. (Bornstein et al. , 2010). Like science, finding a cause for behavior was achieved by the use of research and theories. However, research initiates with a problem that requires special attention to resolve. Aggression and Violent Behaviors Aggression is an attack or hostile action directed towards another person or thing. Aggression and violence are two forms of behavior, which are associated with one another, but do not necessarily happen at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Social influence in psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When an individual lashes out, this physical aggression is hostile aggression (Kowalski Westen, 2009, p. 643). Children react from violent acts or aggressive behavior, within society we live in aggression and violence play an important role in culture differences. To describe the content in which behavior is measured is variables. The second type of ggressive behavior that occurs within children is instrumental aggression, meaning where the persons behavior is pragmatic or calm (Kowalski Westen, 2009, p. 643). Influences on Behavior First, the association between violence and aggression at school among children shows awareness that exposed to violence within the school can influence a childs behavior. (Social Consequences Alone in Groups, 2010, p. 1). These groups have a social impact on a childs social behavior, when discussing violence. Having an understanding of how violence exposure related to children, may inform use of reventive interventions aimed at reducing violence. During a childs life, parents play an important role. Often parents look for aggressive behavior and not knowing if behavior is normal, action needs to be taken. Many parents look for clues or aggression and violence among their own children. If a parent that shows aggressive or violent behavior brings up a child, the child will follow the same footsteps later on in life. The behavior that a parent displays socially to their child becomes appropriate behavior. Nevertheless, a parent can increase a childs chances by eveloping this trait of behavior by commenting on the childs behavior. Negative comments will increase aggressive and violent behavior. Peer Group and Behavior All of these social behaviors are manipulable by changing within a group. When individuals gather groups, the fewer the number the fewer negative social comments. Social loafing and social facilitation have been linked in experiments in the past, but social loafing and deindividuation is not affiliated. Social loafing is a general finding that when people perform in groups but do less work or put less effort when working alone. There are keys elements linked to social loafing: the identifiability of participants, evaluation of performance within a group, difficulty of the task, and expectations (Arnett, 1996, Para. 2). Social behavior can influence a childs life. Social facilitation is which children perform better alone or within a small group. Children do better perform ing a single task, but performance worse in a larger group. If the child is subjected to feel uncomfortable, aggressive behavior can result. In recent years, social loafing and social facilitation were the same (Arnett, 996, Para. 4). Deindividuation is a finding that a group of individuals produces more deviant, aggressive, or sociable unacceptable behaviors. These variables involve children in-group behaviors, when left alone. A child will look at a group of individuals that they need acceptance from; the child will look for a way to be accepted. By modeling, this specific behavior within a group is using available references of the group, to distinguish behaviors. Some obvious precursors of aggression of children are which the child is being harassed or teased. These items rought on will influence the child to show violent behavior, and be aggressive towards other individuals. The social influence that a child receives affects behavior in many ways. The child may be finding difficulty in school, home, or with friends. The child will seek reinforcement, by looking to fit in a positive social group. Looking to help a child with behavior therapeutic intervention determines by how the parent feels if the childs behavior is normal and there is no sign of aggression. Social is the way an individual behaves, thinks, and feels. The roots of aggressive behavior lie in social rewards, punishments, and cognitive processes such as observational learning. The general model for aggression states that people interact with situations to determine the general output. The capacity for aggression and violence appears to be innate, but aggression and violence depend on learning and culture (Kowalski westen, 2009). Conclusion Human behavior when speaking of has factors that influence development of social behavior. Social behavior influence people, while biological traits aid to the ehavioral patterns.

Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Essay Example

Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Paper Using alkaline lysine nipper, a DNA lassie was isolated from the donor and transcontinental strains and FIG electrophoresis was used to determine the size of the plasmid. The conjugation efficiency was found to be 16. 25% and the plasmid DNA was approximately 97 kilobytes long. The results show that the F plasmid was effectively transferred from the donor cells into the recipient cells via conjugation. Introduction:Bacterial conjugation is the unidirectional transfer of either genomic DNA or plasmid DNA from a donor bacterial cell to a recipient bacterial cell by cell-to-cell contact via a sex pills (Sonatas Simmons, 2006). Conjugation was first discovered by Elderberry and Datum in 1946. In their experiment, they grew two strains of bacteria in separate vessels with rich medium and then together in one vessel containing the same medium. Then, they spread the three vessel contents onto medium agar plates and incubated them overnight at ETC. The only plate that showed cell growth was the plate containing the mixture of the two bacterial strains. The other two plates showed no growth. This experiment proved that in order for recombination to occur, the two strains must come in contact with one another (Elderberry, Datum, 1946). In 1950, Bernard Davis discovered that cell-to-cell contact was required to obtain a transcontinental. Using a U tube containing a sintered filter between the two sides of the tube, he added two types of bacteria (donor and recipient) to each side of the tube. Because of the filter, Davis never observed conjugation. This further proved that in order for conjugation to occur, the cells must come into physical contact. In order for cells to undergo conjugation, one cell must contain a fertility factor (F). William Hayes discovered this F factor in 1952. The F factor, which is a small auricular molecule of DNA (plasmid), controls the synthesis of F pill that connect donor and recipient cells during conjugation. These F factors are approximately 105 bagpipers in size. In bacterial conjugation, a donor cell containing the F plasmid is referred to as an F+ cell while a recipient cell that lacks the plasmid is an F- cell. When an F+ cell mates with an F- cell (conjugation), the plasmid is transferred. Both the donor and recipient cells become F+ cells and contain the F plasmid. While transferring the F+ plasmid, sometimes the plasmid is integrated into the recipients chromosome. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These cells are referred to as Hoff cells. Sometimes chromosomal DNA is looped out of the F plasmid, and chromosomal genes are transferred into the recipient; the recipient cells are referred to as F strains. When donor F cells mate with recipient F- cells, genomic DNA is transferred from donor to recipient. This transfer is known as seduction and the cell that receives the F plasmid from the donor is referred to as a transcontinental (Sonatas Simmons, 2006). In the experiment performed, conjugation was studied in E. Coli bacterial cells. The donor bacterial cells contained the F plasmid that had the lack+ gene integrated into it, making the cells Flag+stars. The recipient bacterial cells were F- lack-stir. The donor and recipient cells were mixed and plated onto streptomycin indicator plates. Using AGE electrophoresis, plasmid DNA was isolated and its size was determined. The plasmid was present in the donor and transcontinental cells; however, in the recipient cells the plasmid was absent. Materials and Methods:One ml of each of donor (Flag+stars) and recipient (F- lack-stir) the E. Oil bacterial strains, from the American Type Culture Collection in Rockville, Md. , was pipettes with a pitman into a sterile culture tube and incubated, without shaking, at 370 C for 90 minutes. Before plating the strains on agar plates, dilutions of the three strains of cells were prepared with LB broth. 100 Pl of 10-5 and 10-6 dilutions of donor cells were each plated onto McCracken (MAC) agar plates without streptomycin. 100 Pl of 1 0-5 dilution of donor cells and 10-5 and 10-6 recipient were also plated onto MAC plates with streptomycin. 00 Pl of 10-4 and 10-5 dilutions of the conjugation mixture cells were plated onto MAC agar with streptomycin. All seven plates were inverted and placed in a ETC incubator for about 24 hours. The bacterial colonies on each plate were counted the next day (colony counts seen in Table l). Donor colonies were picked with a sterile loop and placed into a sterile test tube containing LB broth. Recipient and transcontinental colonies were also isolated and placed into sterile test tubes containing LB broth and streptomycin. The tubes were then placed in a 37 C shaking incubator at 250 RPM overnight. After the incubation, 1. 5 ml of each of the three cultures were added to offender tubes and centrifuged at 13,200 RPM for 1 minute. An alkaline lysine procedure like that of Bromine and Doll was then performed to extract the lassie DNA with 200 Pl of alkaline SD detergent solution (Bromine Daly, 1979). After the alkaline lysine procedure was complete, the pellets were washed with a 100% ethanol and stored in a -ICC freezer. A 1% agrees gel in 0. 5 X TUBE buffer was prepared for gel electrophoresis in a gel tray. The gel tray was placed into the BIO-RADAR FIG Mapped apparatus. Loading dye was added and each sample (apron. 25 VI) was then loaded into a well. DNA markers were loaded into the first and last wells. The gel was run under program 4 for 16 hours, 180 volts forward and 120 volts reverse. When the program was knishes, the gel was placed into an tedium bromide solution to stain. After staining, the gel was gently rocked in distilled water. Using a Kodak IDEAS 290 imaging system, a picture of the gel was taken (which can be seen in Figure 1. 0). Results:During the experiment, donor (F+lack+stars) and recipient (F-lack-stir) cells were mixed and plated onto streptomycin indicator plates. Plasmid DNA was extracted from the donor and transcontinental cells and FIG electrophoresis was used to determine the plasmids size. After plating and incubating the bacterial dilutions, the cell colonies were counted. It was observed that all of the donor ells were red, all of the recipient cells were white, and the conjugation culture cells were a mix of red and white. There were too many (>300) red colonies to count on the donor 10-5 MAC agar plate and 60 red colonies on the donor 10-6 MAC agar plate. No colonies were seen on the donor 10-5 MAC agar + strep plate. There were 126 white colonies on the recipient 10-5 MAC + strep plate and 32 white colonies seen on the recipient 10-6 MAC + strep agar plate. The transcontinental 10-4 MAC + strep agar plate had 206 red and too many white colonies to count, while the transcontinental 10-5 MAC + strep agar plate had 26 De colonies and 86 white colonies (seen in Table l). Using the cell counts and their dilutions, the culture concentration was calculated. The concentration of donor cells in the 10-6 dilution was xx cells/ ml_. The concentration of recipient cells in the 10-6 dilution was 3. Axis cells/ml. The concentration of transcontinental cells in the 10-5 dilution was 2. Xx cells/ ml (Table II). The conjugation efficiency was calculated to be 16. 25% (Table Ill). Upon completion of a FIG electrophoresis, marker standards were used to determine the plasmid size and the distance traveled. The size and mobility f the bands in Marker II (Figure 1. 0) were measured and a standard curve was generated ( Figure 2. 0). This curve was then used to determine the plasmid size present in the donor and transcontinental cells. The plasmid was not present in the recipient cells. ) The plasmid traveled 14. 5 mm and was approximately 101 kilobytes long. Discussion:After plating the donor cells onto MAC plates that did not contain the streptomycin antibiotic, red colonies grew. This result is plausible because the donor cells contained the lack Oberon, which codes for enzymes that can utilize lactose as food. Cells containing this Oberon can grow on MAC plates because the plates contain lactose sugar. These two plates were then compared to the donor plate that contained the streptomycin antibiotic. No colonies grew on the streptomycin plate. This is because the donor cells did not contain the gene for streptomycin resistance. After plating the recipient cells onto MAC+strep plates, white colonies grew. This result is seen because the recipient cells lack the lack Oberon. These cells cannot utilize lactose as a food source. Also, the recipient cells were able to grow in the presence of streptomycin because they contained gene for resistance to the antibiotic. On the plates containing MAC+strep and 10-5 transcontinental cells, there were 26 red cells present. Ideally, because the cells were too dilute for conjugation to be seen, there should have been no red cells present. On the plates containing MAC+strep and 10-4 transcontinental cells, both red and white colonies were observed. The white colonies were recipient cells and the red were transcontinental. It can be determined that the red cells were the transcontinental because previously, red cells (which indicate donor cells) were not able to grow on plates containing streptomycin. Because they ere present on streptomycin plate, the cells must have undergone conjugation. After isolating the plasmids and running them on a FIG electrophoresis, it was observed that the plasmid was only present in the donor and transcontinental cells. This occurred because only the donor cells contained the plasmid. Because donor cells were not present in the recipient cells, no conjugation could occur; therefore, no plasmid would be seen in the recipient lane on the gel. The size of the F plasmid was determined by measuring the distance the plasmid traveled in the gel, and comparing it to a known marker (Marker II). The size of the F plasmid as determined to be approximately 97 kilobytes long. This was compared to the literature value, of approximately 100 kilobytes (Sealing, Paulson, and Cooper, 1991 Because the plasmid size is very close to the literature value, it can be concluded that the DNA plasmid was successfully isolated from the donor to the transcontinental cells. Genomic DNA was not transferred and no Hoff strains were formed. The conjugation efficiency was calculated and found to be 16. 25% on the transcontinental plates, meaning for every 100 cells on the plate, 16. 5 were transcontinental. A 16. 25% conjugation efficiency is a reasonable value. The value seen could be due to the fact that even though a donor cell contains the F plasmid, the plasmid is not always transferred into every single recipient cell. If this were the case, a conjugation efficiency of 100% would be seen every time. Comparing this value to an efficiency value seen in the literature of 94%, the value is a bit low (Kiang et al. , 2000). To increase the conjugation efficiency, the mixed donor and recipient cells could be left to sit for a longer period of time.

An In-Depth Guide to Yeats The Second Coming

An In-Depth Guide to Yeats The Second Coming William Butler Yeats wrote â€Å"The Second Coming† in 1919, soon after the end of World War I, known at the time as â€Å"The Great War† because it was the biggest war yet fought and â€Å"The War to End All Wars† because it was so horrific that its participants dearly hoped it would be the last war. It was also not long since the Easter Rising in Ireland, a rebellion that was brutally suppressed that was the topic of Yeats’ earlier poem Easter 1916, and the Russian Revolution of 1917, which overthrew the long rule of the czars and was accompanied by its full share of lingering chaos. It’s no wonder the poet’s words convey his sense that the world he knew was coming to an end. â€Å"The Second Coming,† of course, refers to the Christian prophecy in the Bible’s Book of Revelation that Jesus will return to reign over Earth in the end times. But Yeats had his own mystical view of the history and future end of the world, embodied in his image of the â€Å"gyres,† cone-shaped spirals that intersect so that each gyre’s narrowest point is contained inside the widest part of the other. The gyres represent different elemental forces in historical cycles or different strains in the development of an individual human psyche, each beginning in the purity of a concentrated point and dissipating/degenerating into chaos (or vice versa) and his poem describes an apocalypse very different from the Christian vision of the end of the world. The Second Coming To better discuss the piece on hand, lets refresh ourselves by rereading this classic piece: Turning and turning in the widening gyreThe falcon cannot hear the falconer;Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhereThe ceremony of innocence is drowned;The best lack all conviction, while the worstAre full of passionate intensity.Surely some revelation is at hand;Surely the Second Coming is at hand.The Second Coming! Hardly are those words outWhen a vast image out of  Spiritus MundiTroubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desertA shape with lion body and the head of a man,A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,Is moving its slow thighs, while all about itReel shadows of the indignant desert birds.The darkness drops again; but now I knowThat twenty centuries of stony sleepWere vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? Notes on Form The underlying metric pattern of â€Å"The Second Coming† is iambic pentameter, that mainstay of English poetry from Shakespeare onward, in which each line is made up of five iambic feet - da DUM / da DUM / da DUM / da DUM / da DUM. But this fundamental meter is not immediately evident in Yeats’ poem because the first line of each section - its difficult to call them stanzas because there are only two and they are nowhere near the same length or pattern - begins with an emphatic trochee and then moves into a very irregular, but nonetheless incantatory rhythm of mostly iambs: TURN ing / and TURN / ing in / the WIDE / ning GYRESURE ly / some RE / ve LA / tion IS / at HAND The poem is sprinkled with variant feet, many of them like the third foot in the first line above, pyrrhic (or unstressed) feet, that enhance and emphasize the stresses that follow them. And the last line repeats the strange pattern of the first lines of the section, beginning with a bang, the trochee, followed by the tripping of unstressed syllables as the second foot is turned around into an iamb: SLOU ches / toward BETH / le HEM / to be / BORN There are no end-rhymes, not many rhymes at all, in fact, though there are many echoes and repetitions: Turning and turning...The falcon ... the falconerSurely ... at handSurely the Second Coming ... at handThe Second Coming! Altogether, the effect of all this irregularity of form and emphasis combined with the incantatory repetitions creates the impression that â€Å"The Second Coming† is not so much a made thing, a written poem, as it is a recorded hallucination, a dream captured. Notes on Content The first stanza of â€Å"The Second Coming† is a powerful description of an apocalypse, opening with the indelible image of the falcon circling ever higher, in ever-widening spirals, so far that â€Å"The falcon cannot hear the falconer.† The centrifugal impetus described by those circles in the air tends to chaos and disintegration - â€Å"Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold † - and more than chaos and disintegration, to war - â€Å"The blood-dimmed tide† - to fundamental doubt - â€Å"The best lack all conviction† - and to the rule of misguided evil - The worst / Are full of passionate intensity.† The centrifugal impetus of those widening circles in the air, however, is no parallel to the Big Bang theory of the universe, in which everything speeding away from everything else finally dissipates into nothingness. In Yeats’ mystical/philosophical theory of the world, in the scheme he outlined in his book A Vision, the gyres are intersecting cones, one widening out while the other focuses into a single point. History is not a one-way trip into chaos, and the passage between the gyres not the end of the world altogether, but a transition to a new world -   or to another dimension. The second section of the poem offers a glimpse into the nature of that next, new world: It is a sphinx - â€Å"a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi... / A shape with lion body and the head of a man† - therefore it is not only a myth combining elements of our known world in new and unknown ways, but also a fundamental mystery, and fundamentally alien - â€Å"A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun.† It does not answer the questions posed by the outgoing domain - therefore the desert birds disturbed by its rising, representing the inhabitants of the existing world, the emblems of the old paradigm, are â€Å"indignant.† It poses its own new questions, and so Yeats must end his poem with the mystery, his question: â€Å"what rough beast, its hour come round at last, / Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?† It has been said that the essence of great poems is their mystery, and that is certainly true of â€Å"The Second Coming.† It is a mystery, it describes a mystery, it offers distinct and resonant images, but it also opens itself to infinite layers of interpretation. Commentary and Quotations â€Å"The Second Coming† has resonated in cultures all over the world since its first publication, and many writers have alluded to it in their own work. A wonderful visual demonstration of this fact is online at Fu Jen University:  a rebus of the poem with its words represented by the covers of the many books that quote them in their titles.